CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES — WHAT GOES WRONG IN THE EMBRYO?

Spindle orientation: What if it goes wrong?

The angle of cell division is critical in at least two contexts. It can determine cell fate, as it does in developing neural tissue. It can also dictate tissue architecture, as it does in many epithelia. One way to ensure the correct angle of cell division is through controlled orientation of the spindle at metaphase. What happens when that control is lost? Ongoing work suggests that the conseq...

The Pathophysiology of Copd: What Goes Wrong and Why?*

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing worldwide problem. Although several effective therapies exist to prevent exacerbations and improve quality of life in these patients, there are no therapies to halt the devastating and progressive loss of lung function in COPD. While COPD is clearly a disease with a major cause—cigarette smoking—research now demonstrates this single caus...

Reversed Revised: What to do when it goes wrong?

UNLABELLED Reversed total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has well known indications and good to excellent results are described in the literature. When the arthroplasty fails however, revision remains a technical challenge with many questions unanswered. To analyse retrospectively and consecutively the indications and results of primary RTSA-revision. All patients that underwent revision RTSA bet...

When the Fight against Fungi Goes Wrong

Congenital urogenital abnormalities in children with congenital hypothyroidism

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), as one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders, may be significantly associated with congenital malformations. This study investigates urogenital abnormalities in children with primary CH (PCH). Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged three months to 1 year, referred to Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. One hund...